Book Description
The death of the Roman Empire is one of the perennial mysteries of world history. Now, in this groundbreaking book, Peter Heather proposes a stunning new solution: Rome generated its own nemesis. Centuries of imperialism turned the neighbors it called barbarians into an enemy capable of dismantling the Empire that had dominated their lives for so long. Heather is a leading authority on the late Roman Empire and on the barbarians. In The Fall of the Roman Empire, he explores the extraordinary success story that was the Roman Empire and uses a new understanding of its continued strength and enduring limitations to show how Europe's barbarians, transformed by centuries of contact with Rome on every possible level, eventually pulled it apart. He shows first how the Huns overturned the existing strategic balance of power on Rome's European frontiers, to force the Goths and others to seek refuge inside the Empire. This prompted two generations of struggle, during which new barbarian coalitions, formed in response to Roman hostility, brought the Roman west to its knees. The Goths first destroyed a Roman army at the battle of Hadrianople in 378, and went on to sack Rome in 410. The Vandals spread devastation in Gaul and Spain, before conquering North Africa, the breadbasket of the Western Empire, in 439. We then meet Attila the Hun, whose reign of terror swept from Constantinople to Paris, but whose death in 453 ironically precipitated a final desperate phase of Roman collapse culminating in the Vandals' defeat of the massive Byzantine Armada: the west's last chance for survival. Peter Heather convincingly argues that the Roman Empire was not on the brink of social or moral collapse. What brought it to an end were the barbarians.
Customer Reviews:
Why the Western Roman Empire collapsed.......2007-09-30
Many causes have been given for the fall of the Roman Empire. Some speculate that the increasing wealth of Roman citizens caused economic and military senescence. Other claim the introduction of Christianity softened the military edge of Roman leaders. Even the presence of lead in the water supply (from the pipes) has been blamed. Often these conclusions were based on historical bias (naturally, a Marxist-leaning historian would look to economic causes) or lack of proper information (only recently has it been archaeologically proven that Roman farm output did not decline over the course of the 5th century). Exacerbating the problem is the fact that most of the records of the Roman Empire have been destroyed over the years, and records from outside the Western Empire are non-existent due to the illiteracy of the Germanic and other "barbarian" peoples.
Author Peter Heather is an historian and expert on the late Western Empire and its Germanic and Hunnic neighbours. Using the latest archaeological discoveries, and sifting through original papers and classic histories (e.g. Gibbons), he brings us this new and eminently readable treatise on the fall of the Western Empire over the course of one hundred years from 376 (when two Gothic tribes arrive on the Imperial frontier demanding asylum) to the deposition of the last Western emporer (476). In that time, he builds a convincing argument that the Barbarian invasions over those 100 years were directly responsible for the fall of Rome. That this is the most obvious explanation based on the historical record does not diminish his thesis, as he successfully demolishes the more esoteric "deeper" arguments of his predescessor historians (such as Gibbon, who pointed to Christianity as the cause).
Thus: At a time when the Persian Empire was rejuvenated as a united political entity (and thus pressuring the Eastern Empire as a rival superpower), the Huns invaded the lands of eastern Europe, displacing the Goths and others westward into the lands of the Romans. Over the course of the previous 300 years, diplomatic interference in the Germani's internal affairs, periodic punitive expeditions, and especially trade had transformed their cultures to a point where they were able to coalesce into supergroups (Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals) capable of directly challenging Roman military forces. As they carved out niches for themselves (Vandals in Africa, Visigoths in Gaul/Spain, etc.), the losses in tax revenues sapped the strength of the military (unable to pay for soldiers). Thus, when Attila himself appeared, the Roman military was already in a downward spiral. Basically, the loss of tax income caused by wave after wave of Barbarian invasion (ultimately fueled by Hunnic expansion) crippled Rome's ability to field enough military strength to preserve the Empire.
Such an analysis could be dry and academic, but Heather brings the book to life with vivid portraits of everyone from the smallest Imperial usurpers to Attila the Hun. He even instills sly humour (he describes an experiment with his 11-year-old son on how long it would take to shout the obligatory acclamations to the Emporer in the Senate) and deliberate anachronisms (comparing one archaeologist to Indiana Jones) to bring variety to the narrative. There is also an ample supply of maps and some pictures. Thus, it's an entertaining book to read. Unfortunately, it lasts a bit too long for my tastes, and becomes a little repetitive, thus robbing it of a 5th star. Still, recommended for anyone interested in the latest thoughts on the demise of the Western Roman Empire.
Excellent Account of a Monumental Event.......2007-07-28
The "Fall of the Roman Empire" casts a huge shadow. A vast Empire, one of the great civilisations of history, went in barely a century from being the "sole superpower" to a mere plaything of barbarian tribes.
Why did it happen? All sorts of reasons can be offered, and Heather offers several, but what it comes down to is that this is simply what empires do - they rise, they exist for a time - years, decades or (as in Romes's case) centuries - and then they fall. Rome had already had a better "innings" than most, and in the fifth century its luck ran out.
It is usual to blame the Fall on the Empire's internal problems, and say that it became "decadent" or whatever. Heather, probably rightly, focuses more on what was happening outside Rome's borders. The Barbarian tribes, living for centuries with that 800 pound Roman "gorilla" next door, combined into larger units like the Frankish or Gothic kingdoms, which were a tougher proposition for Rome to cope with. Everlasting warfare with these states gradually wore the Empire down, and finally another barbarian, Attila, drove many tribes from their old homes and forced them to try their luck migrating into Roman territory. This proved more than Rome (or at least its western half) could cope with. So down the tubes it went.
No doubt, had Rome not fallen from this cause, it would eventually have fallen another way. Empires are usually longer lived than individuals, but are no more immortal. But Heather does a magnificent job of showing how and why it fell as and when it did.
One minor regret. Perhaps a little more "afterword" about post-Roman Europe might have been in order. For the significant thing about the Roman Empire is not that it fell (which was bound to happen sometime) but that it was never rebuilt. By contrast, China fell to Mongol "barbarians" in the 13C, an invasion probably as devastating as anything Western Rome underwent, yet within a century had gotten its breath back, expelled the invaders, and installed a native Ming Dynasty. Similarly, Egypt was able to spit out the Hyksos and other intruders. Yet Rome's former subjects not only didn't do this, but (unless the Arthurian legends count) seem never to have even tried. Rather, they appear to have largely shrugged their shoulders and made the best of things under their barbarian rulers. While purely external factors can explain the fall itself, they can't explain this apparent acceptance of it. Even when Roman lands were "liberated" by Justinian, the inhabitants seldom rallied round, and when Byzantium's grip loosened they just flopped back into barbarian hands. It is hard to avoid the conclusion that, however traumatic the Empire's fall had been, a lot of its subjects soon found they didn't really miss it all that much. This calls for explanation.
Still, that's quibbling. Heather has written a great book (even if his 21C idioms are irritating at times) and it needs to be read by anyone interested in this subject.
Dont invite a barbarian to lunch.......2007-07-27
Two Oxford classicists, working independently, have simultaneously published books on the fall of the Roman Empire. Peter Heather is an historian of the later Empire and of Barbarian Northern Europe. Bryan Ward-Perkins is an archaeologist specialising in rural society during the fall. Both historians decisively contradict recent rather dotty arguments that the Barbarians were not all that bad; that their conquest of the Western Empire would hardly have been noticed by the mass of the people; and that only the rich would have experienced a drop in living standards. Ward-Perkins' conclusion from extensive digging on former Roman villages is stark: the invasions were violent disasters. The drop in living standards was so catastrophic that they would not regain Empire levels for fifteen hundred years. His full title is uncompromising: The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilisation. Despite some empathy with the Barbarians, Heather agrees with Ward-Perkins that the destruction of the Western Empire was an apocalyptic event. His 500 page book employs well-honed analysis combined with splendid narrative, to address the age-old question: why did the Western half of the empire, so apparently all powerful, almost unassailable, worried only by the threat of Persia in the east, fall to the Barbarian invaders from the north in less than a century? In the early fourth century the Western Empire (pace Gibbon) had not been weakened by Christianity, was not in decline, was very prosperous, and the army was far from enfeebled. Heather's analysis, sinewy, cogent and informed, is too complex for adequate summary here but he believes that after the Huns caused a seismic shift in the balance of power in the North Roman failure came less from Roman weakness than from Barbarian desperation. After the destruction the long-term winner, oddly enough, was the Church. With the old Roman bureaucracy destroyed in the West priests came to monopolise literacy for more than a thousand years. Secular culture would reside with the Arabs!
excellent, clear analysis.......2007-07-07
This book explains with amazing clarity how and why the western Roman empire fell apart between 376 and 476 AD. It covers roughly the same ground as the third volume of Gibbon (minus the obsession with Christianity), but with much better analysis of the political and military calculations of the various parties. It also gives a very coherent account of who the various "barbarian" groups were, and how they formed and interacted: a topic which I have found incredibly confusing in other books. (Apparently this is the author's specialty.)
Note that the word "decline" is not in the title. The author's thesis is that the western empire did not collapse from within; it always had its problems, but in the fourth century it was as strong as ever. Rather, what caused it to fall was that unfriendly interaction with the Romans encouraged Germanic peoples on the frontier to become stronger and more unified; these groups were then impelled into the empire by the onslaught of the Huns, where they began taking over parts of the empire. This triggered a downward spiral in which decreased tax revenues resulting from the lost or ravaged territories made it more difficult for the Romans to fund the military, whereby they lost more territory, and so on. This process is explained in fascinating detail in the book. A last-ditch rescue attempt by the eastern empire in 468 failed in a disastrous naval battle, and it was game over for the west. The eastern empire, meanwhile, continued to prosper through the sixth century; while it had internal problems similar to those of the west, accidents of geography protected it for the time being.
In conclusion, if you are looking for clarity regarding what the heck was going on in fifth century Europe, this is the book for you. It is written in a colloquial style which makes it easy and amusing to read. It includes a number of maps, a dramatis personae, a glossary, and extensive notes, all of which are very useful.
A departure from tradition.......2007-06-26
This book is excellent. The author puts for a break from the traditional Gibbon approach to why the Romans fell apart. The author's work is extremely well documented. He lays out his arguments in a logical manner. Each point sort of builds on the next one in the book. The book seems to be told from the Barbarian's point of view. The book does seem to take the long way though to get to the meat of the argument. The work is very well documented. An average reader might get lost some in the names. You almost have to have a good background on the subject to truly appreciate the book. The main point of the book is that successive Barbarian invasions just wore out the Romans. That created conditions that launched independence movements in the outlying provinces like Great Britain. The author argues convincingly that the further success of the eastern half of the empire showed that internal rot didn't do the Romans in. As a reader reads this it is hard not to draw comparisons to events today for the US. The book showed how multiple problems stretched the Romans to the point of breaking. Then a reader sees the newspapers and wonder if the stretched US Army might lead to conditions similar to what the Romans went through.
Average customer rating:
- Academic derivative work that reads like a potboiler!
- A sunset not a dawn
- The business-end of a crowbar
- A provocative view of the Dark Side of the New Economy
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New Barbarian Manifesto
Ian Angell
Manufacturer: Kogan Page
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The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century
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The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st Century Capitalism
ASIN: 0749435054 |
Book Description
Ian Angell, dubbed "the Angell of Doom" by The (London) Times, lays out his manifesto for the New Barbarians who will lead the economic elite into a Brave New World over the next two decades. He rejects the long-held view of information technology as our benign liberator from mundane work. Instead, he regards it as the seed for a new society, in which the winners in the knowledge economy will construct their own "smart regions" founded on libertarian principles and enlightened self-interest.
Customer Reviews:
Academic derivative work that reads like a potboiler!.......2003-12-17
This is a very cool book because the synthesis is done by a academian who writes like a potboiler novelist! The paragraphs are shock full of references to deep philosophical and academic treatises, but done in an entertaining manner. Every paragraph is like poetry. Excellent derivative work.
In a nutshell, the author is taking a theme first exposed by Alvin Toffler "Future Shock" "Third Wave" and developing it further to synthesize the way the world's economies have performed in the last 20 years.
Outstanding! Don't be put off by the seeming "facist" or "harsh" tone of some of this writing--the author is tell you how it is, not how it should be--hence the term "barbarian" in the title. The old guard will attempt to smooth over raw, naked capitalism but in the opinion of the author it will be a losing battle (I'm not so sure, since I believe most old people, having been raised by the Welfare State, will never go quietly, so it will take another generation or two to renounce the Nanny Welfare State.
I give it four stars not five because the opinions are thrown out without much argument or development. It is a derivative work where you have to understand some background first. So it's not really a beginner's book.
A sunset not a dawn.......2001-07-18
To get a handle on books like this we must understand the author's philosophy of life.For Angell, the prime purpose in life is making money, lots of money.In his view the most greedy and ruthless go-getters, the "new barbarians," should have open slather to trample on the rest of society.He thinks it is good that globalization is causing societies to disintegrate, because it represents the triumph of the new barbarians.It is instructive to note the thinkers he admires most - Friedrich Nietzsche, Friedrich von Hayek, and Ayn Rand - all right wingers who extolled the "superman" over ordinary folk. Hence Angell's views have worrying fascist implications. In his world the super-rich will rule in "smart regions," and the rest of the people can just go jump.Angell expounds the logic of globalization, but he does not address the problems caused, such as the environmental crisis.He is a spin doctor for globalization.His vision of the future is a recipe for chaos.Rather than being a man for the future, the new barbarian is a dinosaur, doing his best to pull us all down.
The business-end of a crowbar.......2000-08-21
Ever see the film `Falling Down' with Michael Douglas? Well, after a long and frustrating struggle with rank-and-file academics and bureaucrats, Ian has finally taken an intellectual crowbar to post-war socialist greenhouse.
This is not a pretty book; it is slash and burn. It represents the blinding rage of a generation who suffered in silence as Winston Smith and Joseph K. were digested by early virulent strains of political correctness. So, beware, this book is deeply offensive to lawyers and politicians and all the other anti-conceptual drones who have nested in the post-war socialist paradigm.
What gives this book its power is the changing nature of the global political economy. Here we are dealing with facts - as hard and cold as the steel rails on which the Industrial Revolution was built. Remember those poor sods who attended the Congress of Vienna in 1815? What? The end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire? Haw, haw, haw. Steam engines powering ships? Hee, hee, hee. A new economy? Ho, ho, ho. The collapse of the Russian, French, and British empires? Tears of laughter. Airplanes? Oh, please no more!
I myself do not necessarily agree with all Ian's arguments, but there is no doubt that he has drawn a true note from his violin. I do believe that Rome will indeed burn again. What will rise from the ashes is what Ian seeks to explore.
A provocative view of the Dark Side of the New Economy.......2000-03-28
Angell's work is really very good, even if the author is sometimes too heavy handed. I saw him on the BBC and he admitted that his book was aimed at stirring the pot. He does that, no doubt. Rather than the glib views of how IT will change our world, Angell suggests that IT and technological change may well have some very serious and unforeseen consequences. It is a must read for all those who blithely toss around the term e-commerce. Read this and get another view!
Average customer rating:
- Amid The Solid Stones, Many Soaring Seashells
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This New Breed: Gents, Bad Boys & Barbarians 2 (Body Electric)
Manufacturer: Windstorm Creative
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ASIN: 1590921054 |
Book Description
Thirty-three poets. More than three hundred pages of the best contemporary gay male poetry available.
In this new collection, editor and published poet Rudy Kikel offers the best of a new breed of gay male poets whose lives and experiences are as varied as their poetry. From love poems to performance pieces, Kikel has selected a generous variety of voices. Informed by history, culture and the ongoing discourse about AIDS, these poems are incredible journeys with contemporary gay men.
Customer Reviews:
Amid The Solid Stones, Many Soaring Seashells.......2004-10-13
Considering that most poetry today is sub-poetic, this anthology has done well. Poems today (maybe always) risk remaining "prosaic-poems." Low-voltage diluted prose conversation. Could have stayed in a paragraph, but was divided into poetic lines but arbitrarily, with no skill in "enjambment." (The how and why you divide the lines for dynamic pace tone emphasis structure etc.)
But walk along the "seashore beach" of this anthology. Move aside the frequent "prosaic-poems," and you'll find "true poems." Distilled language balancing fire and ice, packing Dionysian emotions and energy within the Apollonian frame of form, style, craft. "Attainment and restraint," the artistic skill which freeze-dries significance to save it for the reader later elsewhere to savor. Seashells to listen into for an earful indeed!
Oh, not that the more-prosaic verse here is "bad." Shares much sincerely. Fractious families. Tangled relationships with straight boys. Coming out into frank pride. Militant protest about martyrs. "Aubades" or "morning-after" poems but with gritty twists to them, "the way we live now." And more.
But note the gems for which you can beachcomb here. (1) Hear the distinct voices. M. A. Tata is a hearty hoot, froth and fluff which is yet solid, perhaps an offspring of Frank O'Hara out of Truman Capote? (2) Enjoy the fixed poetic forms. Eric Norris dates traditional poetic forms, goes to the dance hall with the villanelle, ballad, sonnet-and they twinstar together, making and conveying meaning, not just prosaically mouthing it! (3) Appreciate a to-be classic. Wendell Ricketts' "Jubilat Agnes" catalog poem (about his failed dating) will become a standard "j'accuse" which skewers a whole dismal list of Gay Male Disconnectedness, preserves those butterflies on pins. (Or perhaps just Generic Male Driftiness?) (4) Enjoy at least one audacious rewriting of a straight-culture myth. In "Icarus on the Moon," the winged boy Goes Gay, soars beyond terrestrial paternity to escape to a lunar colony of boys and men...
(4) Appreciate skilled confronting of the Plague. AIDS has infected the body poetic also these days. But in art, the "antibodies" of style can help keep this enemy corralled somewhat. (Which is what art does...) On the page at least if not in life, these poets arm-wrestle the disease into clarity. Audacious leaps here too. Fog over Manhattan contains the ghosts of the lost. The end of World War Two makes one think of another war: "The only war I know is internal, is fought / in the blood and the marrow of men / and women and children who, despite their passion, / can not fire back." Even the Birth at Bethlehem is invoked and related. The poem "Don't Look In A Mirror For Two Weeks" is acrobatic, juggling several distinct tones at once: rue and regret, self-satire, and more.
Enough. Stroll this beach and enjoy the lesser poems for their effective-enough reports of experience. Savor the greater poems for their very-effective recreations of experience.
Book Description
In an alternate world where Rome never fell, two mighty empires collide-and Germanicus leads his legions across the globe to bring Roman light to the barbarian darkness...
"Smashingly good."-Starlog
• The second issue in Kirk Mitchell's fascinating alternate history trilogy
Customer Reviews:
Roman Empire vs. Aztec Empire........2001-09-24
The Roman Empire and the Aztec Empire are about to rumble, and it looks like Rome holds all the cards. After all, they say, the Aztec are just barbarians. But the Aztec are not as backwards as they might first seem and they are NOT going down without a fight. On top of that, they seem to have allies...
I loved this book, but one of the flaws was the lack of an explanation on HOW the Aztec Empire lasted so long. In our history, the Aztec people were having troubles well before the Spanish ever showed up. Also, the idea that the Aztec might be able to help feed their own people by killing and processing others for food didn't ring true. Why kill a farmer and feed a few people for a day, when a farmer can run a small farm and feed the same people for a year? I am not saying they didn't eat human flesh for other reasons, but there is no way to do it on such a scale for supporting the people of an Empire!
In other words, it seems like the books the author used or people who helped the author with the Aztec side of the story were using outdated ideas.
Legionaires and Indians.......2000-11-09
This is the second book in Kirk Mitchell's "Procurator" trilogy, the first one being "Procurator" (logically enough). The series is set in an alternate present where the Rome never fell, and where advanced technologies (automobiles, firearms, radio) coexist uneasily with an archaic imperial government.
In this intriguing second installment, the focus shifts to the Roman colonies in America. Germanicus Agricola, the hero of book one, must help ward off a violent invasion from the power-hungry Aztec empire. Thanks to Rome's technological edge, it should be a breeze.
But things are never so simple. The Aztecs, far from incompetent savages, have developed their own deadly style of warfare. And thanks to covert but widespread support from the ancient and advanced Serican (Chinese) empire, they are ready to meet the Romans gun for gun and ship for ship. Their gods relish human blood and human hearts above all else. And their gods are hungry...
What Germanicus has on his hands is a bloody, demoralizing trench war. No land is changing hands, and breakthrough seems impossible. To this mess is added the usual problems associated with power. Someone is after Germanicus' life, and it could be anyone. Even among his friends, it is impossible to say who can be trusted.
This book adds a great deal to Mitchell's rich setting. Roman politics remain tough and nasty. The Aztecs, with their bloodthirsty rituals, are terrifying enemies. Far from faceless villains, however, they are very much a part of the world, with a unique culture, a complex religion, and some sympathetic characters. Along with the enigmatic, seldom-glimpsed Sericans, they add a very effective foreign flavor to the setting.
A great addition to a great series.
Product Description
Paperback book of poetry from the legendary Cafe Babar from the mid - late 1980s. Many photographs included.
Book Description
When Barbarian Sentiments first appeared in early 1989 the Berlin Wall had not been breached, the Soviet Union was still an "evil empire," and the United States called itself the "leader of the free world." William Pfaff offered an iconoclastic, coruscating examination of America's predicament in a world that had escaped the conventions of American public debate and the old categories (and pieties) of American foreign policy.
In this wholly revised and enlarged edition, Pfaff reconsiders American policy in the post-Cold War world. As he observed originally, it has been hard for us to accept that there are problems at the heart of American national security that may have no solution. We recoil from acknowledging the complexities and perversities of history, and there are exhausted ideas, Pfaff suggests, like dead stars, that continue to shape our political culture. The problem is how to free ourselves from them. At the beginning of a new century, this is ever more true, and Pfaff's troubled reflections on the moral significance of the American experience in the modern world is even more pertinent today than a decade ago.
Average customer rating:
- Interesting Introductory Text to the 'Barbarian Problem' - a review of "Barbarian Invasions: Catalyst of a New Order"
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Barbarian Invasions: Catalyst of a New Order
Katherine Fischer Drew
Manufacturer: Krieger Pub Co
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Binding: Paperback
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ASIN: 0882755722 |
Customer Reviews:
Interesting Introductory Text to the 'Barbarian Problem' - a review of "Barbarian Invasions: Catalyst of a New Order".......2006-06-18
This would be a good book to start with if you happen to be interested in the Roman-Germanic barbarian problem. Ms. Drew (who when I met her was teaching at Rice University in Houston) has pulled together a sort of compendium of who's who (at least as of the early 1970's) in this area of study.
Thus you will find the thoughts of Dill, Wallace-Hadrill (sr.), Thompson, Pirenne, Dopsch, and Latouche as well as others.
The table of contents follows so you can get an idea of what is discussed.
Introduction
ROMAN REACTION TO THE INVASIONS
Prosper Boissonade - The Destructiveness of the Invasions
Samuel Dill - Persistence of the Aristocratic Way of Life
THE NEW GERMANIC STATES
Louis Halpen - Germanic Society in the Early sixth Century
J.M. Wallace-Hadrill - Roman Survivals in Frankish Gaul
Dorthy Whitelock - The Heathen English
J.M. Wallace-Hadrill - Italy and the Lombards
THE SOCIOECONOMIC ORGANIZATION OF THE ROMANO-GERMANIC WORLD
E.A. Thompson - The Germans in the Time of Caesar
Robert La touche - The Primitive Economy of the Germanic World
Robert La touche - Agriculture in the Early Middle Ages
Alphons Dopsch - The Agrarian Economy in the Late Roman and Medieval Periods
PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETATION
C. Delisle Burns - Christianity and the First Europe
Henri Pirenne - The Pirenne Thesis
Carl Stephenson - The Origin and Significance of Feudalism
Suggestions for Further Reading
Four Stars. If one is interested in a jumping off point for studying the germanic invasions of the Roman Empire this would be good book. It offers a selection of topics and opinions from seminal historians in this field of study.
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Books Index
Books Home
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